In learning disabilities, problems with reasoning and logic would include problems with the ability to reason, prioritize, and plan. A child who has trouble with reasoning and logic skills may have issues related to problem solving, working with abstractions, or interpreting information. These problems would be related to higher level executive functions, which in turn are thought to be associated with subcortical white matter deficits, which will be explained more below. According to Learning Rx; “reasoning and logic skills bring about and compare options and eventualities. These skills enable you to plan and strategize, which is essential to learning.”
The two main types of reasoning affected in learning
disabilities are:
·
Abstract Reasoning
·
Spatial Reasoning
Abstract Reasoning
Abstract reasoning is the ability to solve problems
and analyze information on a complex level. Some skills that would be involved
are:
·
Forming theories about the nature of objects,
ideas, processes, and problem solving.
·
Understanding subjects on a more abstract level,
rather than a concrete level, through analysis and evaluation.
·
The ability to apply knowledge in problem solving
using theory, metaphor, or a complex analogy.
·
Understanding relationships between verbal and non
– verbal ideas.
Problems with Abstract Reasoning
·
Problems are usually visual and do not involve
social ideas.
·
It is normally assessed as part of intelligence
testing.
Why is Abstract Reasoning important?
·
It is essential to learning.
·
It allows individuals to apply what they learn in
more complex ways, rather than only concretely.
How would children with an Abstract Reasoning
Learning Disability benefit from treatment?
·
Direct instruction in problem – solving skills
·
Speech therapy – these children need to learn to
use language, understand, and solve problems.
Spatial Reasoning
Spatial reasoning is the ability for someone to
position and orient themselves in everyday environments. Some skills involved
in spatial reasoning would include:
·
Riding a bike
·
Catching a ball
·
Kicking a ball
Problems with Spatial Reasoning:
·
Math deficits
·
Spelling deficits
·
Physical factors
o
These children are usually awkward and may lack
coordination to ride a bike and catch or kick a ball.
o
Their handwriting skills are poor.
o
These physical factors will be mastered by other
kids their age while the child with spatial reasoning difficulties is still
having trouble with them.
·
You will see problems when a routine that they are
used to changes.
o
They have a hard time adjusting to new situations.
· These individuals may seem to lack common sense or be naïve to others.
· Anxiety and depression may arise the older they get because of the social problems they have.
· Their self – esteem is very low because of their disabilities.
·
It is important for generating and conceptualizing
solutions to multi – step problems in everyday life. Individuals need to be
able to think something through, and then do it. They need to be able to
“reason out” what they need or want to do, and then do it.
How would children with a Spatial Reasoning
Learning Disability benefit from treatment?
·
Academically, these children are very good readers
but are better with literal comprehension rather than interpretive
comprehension.
·
They are good with a routine that they can stick
to, as long as the routine doesn’t change.
·
Handwriting should improve the older the individual
gets.
·
The tactual performance test will probably be administered
if there is thought to be a spatial reasoning problem.
Resources:
http://learningdisabilities.about.com/od/glossar1/g/abstractreason.htm
http://www.learningrx.com/some-types-of-learning-disabilities.htm
http://www.savariver.net/what.shtml
http://www.brainbuildingfun.com/spre.html
http://askville.amazon.com/spacial-reasoning/AnswerViewer.do?requestId=69406465
http://www.fibonicci.com/spatial-reasoning/
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